Linda Helen Yourth1,2

F, #48602, b. 12 February 1948, d. 19 April 1948
Father*Norman William Yourth1,3,2 b. 20 Apr 1915, d. 1991
Mother*Alberta H. Skinner1 b. 1921, d. 20 Jul 2006
Relationship4th cousin of Richard Graeme Moffat
Last Edited15 Nov 2023
     She was born on 12 February 1948 at Brantford, Brantford Twp., Brant County, Ontario, Canada.1
     Linda Helen Yourth died on 19 April 1948 at Brantford, Brantford Twp., Brant County, Ontario, Canada.1 The informant on her death registration was her father, Norman William Yourth.1
     Linda Helen Yourth was buried on 20 April 1948 at Mount Hope Cemetery, Brantford, Ontario, Canada.1

Citations

  1. [S1347] Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869-1946 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario), Ancestry.com, Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869-1946; "This database is an index (with images) to over 2 million deaths that were registered in Ontario from 1869 to 1938, and 1943 to 1946. The database also includes deaths of Ontario military personnel overseas from 1939-1947"; cited as "ON Deaths, 1869-1946., Name: Linda Helen Yourth; Death: 19 Apr 1948, Brantford, Brant, Ontario, Canada, Age: 2/12, Birth Date: 12 Feb 1948, Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, Ontario, Father: Norman Yourth, Mother: Alberta Skinner, Informant: Norman Yourth, Burial: 20 APr 1948, Mt Hope, Brantofrd, Registration #: 014039.
  2. [S3160] Canada GenWeb Cemetery Project - Ontario, online Canada GenWeb Cemetery Project - Ontario, Canada GenWeb's Cemetery Project -Ontario, Mount Hope: Linda Helen Yourth
    Grave marker transcription:
    YOURTH
    In Loving Memory of
    Norman W. Yourth     1915 - 1991
    His Wife     Alberta H. Skinner     1921 - 2006
    Linda Helen     Daughter     Feb. 12 - APr. 19, 1948. Hereinafter cited as Canada GenWeb Cemetery Project - Ontario.
  3. [S11239] Alberta Yourth, Brantford Expositor, Brantford, Ontario, 23 Jul 2006, Obituary: Alberta Yourth. Hereinafter cited as Brantford Expositor.

John William Edwards1

M, #48605
Last Edited18 Jan 2024
     John married Florence Gertrude Lee on 22 July 1914.2,3
     John William Edwards was recorded as father of the bride at the marriage of Harold Wilbert Lora and Muriel Agnes Mary Edwards on 17 June 1939.4

Family

Florence Gertrude Lee
Child

Citations

  1. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, 1832-1916, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Muriel Agnes Edwards, Birth: 03 May 1915, North Bay, Nipissing, Ontario, Canada; Parents: John William Edwards and Florence Gertrude Lee, Father's occupation: Car Inspector, Registration #: 040333. Hereinafter cited as Ontario, Canada Births.
  2. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Muriel Agnes Edwards, Birth: 03 May 1915, North Bay, Nipissing, Ontario, Canada; Parents: John William Edwards and Florence Gertrude Lee, Date and Place of Parents Marriage: 03 May 1914, North Bay, Father's occupation: Car Inspector, Registration #: 040333.
  3. [S14145] Lora - Edwards Nuptials Saturday, North Bay Nugget, North Bay, Ontario, 21 Jun 1939, Page 10, columns 4 - 6 viewed at Newspapers.com, Marriage: Lora - Edwards. Hereinafter cited as North Bay Nugget.
  4. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Harold Wilbert Lora (37) & Muriel Agnes Mary Edwards (24); Marriage: 17 Jun 1939, North Bay, Nipissing, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: John William Edwards & Florcence Gertrude Lee, Bride's Parents: John William Edwards & Florence Gertrude Lee , Groom's Birthplace: Renfrew, Bride's Birth Place: North Bay, Registration #: 021657.

Florence Gertrude Lee1

F, #48606
Last Edited26 Oct 2023
     Florence married John William Edwards on 22 July 1914.2,3
     Florence Gertrude Lee was recorded as mother of the bride at the marriage of Harold Wilbert Lora and Muriel Agnes Mary Edwards on 17 June 1939.4

Family

John William Edwards
Child

Citations

  1. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, 1832-1916, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Muriel Agnes Edwards, Birth: 03 May 1915, North Bay, Nipissing, Ontario, Canada; Parents: John William Edwards and Florence Gertrude Lee, Father's occupation: Car Inspector, Registration #: 040333. Hereinafter cited as Ontario, Canada Births.
  2. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Muriel Agnes Edwards, Birth: 03 May 1915, North Bay, Nipissing, Ontario, Canada; Parents: John William Edwards and Florence Gertrude Lee, Date and Place of Parents Marriage: 03 May 1914, North Bay, Father's occupation: Car Inspector, Registration #: 040333.
  3. [S14145] Lora - Edwards Nuptials Saturday, North Bay Nugget, North Bay, Ontario, 21 Jun 1939, Page 10, columns 4 - 6 viewed at Newspapers.com, Marriage: Lora - Edwards. Hereinafter cited as North Bay Nugget.
  4. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Harold Wilbert Lora (37) & Muriel Agnes Mary Edwards (24); Marriage: 17 Jun 1939, North Bay, Nipissing, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: John William Edwards & Florcence Gertrude Lee, Bride's Parents: John William Edwards & Florence Gertrude Lee , Groom's Birthplace: Renfrew, Bride's Birth Place: North Bay, Registration #: 021657.

Mary (?)1

F, #48607
Last Edited27 Oct 2023
     Mary married Francis Lora.1

Family

Francis Lora
Child

Citations

  1. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., John C Lora (29) & Azribah Smith (22); Marriage: 07 Feb 1883, Mountain, Dundas, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: Francis & Mary Lora, Bride's Parents: David & Mary Smith , Groom's Birthplace: Clarence, Que, Bride's Birth Place: Osgoode, Ontario, Groom's Occupation: Carpenter, Registration #:.

Georgia Duke1

F, #48608, b. 14 December 1894, d. 16 July 1951
Last Edited28 Oct 2023
     She was born on 14 December 1894 at Tenaha, Shelby County, Texas, USA.1 Georgia married Thomas Luther Alford on 6 October 1912.1
     Georgia Peddy died on 16 July 1951 at Orange, Orange County, Texas, USA, at age 56.1
     Georgia Peddy was buried at Ramah Cemetery, Shelby County, Texas, USA.1

Family

Thomas Luther Alford b. 22 Apr 1892, d. 1 Jul 1920

Citations

  1. [S3862] Find A Grave memorial page , Find A Grave, Find A Grave search page; "A database submitted by individuals supposedly of cemetery interments, often from grave memorials or cemetery records and often supplemented by other information, generally without identification of the sources except when a tombstone photo is included."; cited as "Find A Grave., Ramah Cemetery: Georgia Peddy née Duke
    Grave marker transcription:
    Thomas L. Alford     April 22 1892 - July 1 1920.

Helena M. Roesler1

F, #48609, b. May 1907
Father*Frank A. Roesler1,2 b. Oct 1878
Mother*Anna Karau1,2 b. May 1883, d. 1974
Last Edited30 Oct 2023
     She was born in May 1907 at North Algona Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada.1,2 Helena married Wilfred A. Lehmann on 27 October 1926 at Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, according to Ontario Marriage Registration 043515. He was a blacksmith and she was a housekeeper.1
     Other information from their marriage registration:
His parent(s) were listed as Christy Lehmann and Bertha Musclow. Her parents were listed as Frank Roesler and Anna Karau.1

     Helena Roesler appeared in the 1911 Canadian Census of North Algona Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario in the household of her parents, Frank and Anna Roesler.2

Family

Wilfred A. Lehmann b. 6 Apr 1900

Citations

  1. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Wilfred A Lehmann (26) & Helena M Roesler (19); Marriage: 27 Oct 1926, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: Christy Lehmann & Bertha Musclow, Bride's Parents: Frank Roesler & Anna Karau/Karan , Groom's Birthplace: Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Bride's Birth Place: North Algona, Ontario, Registration #: 043515.
  2. [S14147] Frank Roesler household, 05 June 1911 Canada census, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, North Algona (township), Renfrew North, Ontario; Page: 12 Family: 10, Library and Archives Canada (LAC).

Wilfred A. Lehmann1

M, #48610, b. 6 April 1900
Father*Christian Lehman1 b. 7 Feb 1837, d. 22 Jul 1915
Mother*Bertha Musclow1 b. 28 Aug 1844, d. 18 May 1939
Last Edited29 Oct 2023
     He was born on 6 April 1900 at Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, according to Ontario Birth Registration 037268.2,1 Wilfred married Helena M. Roesler on 27 October 1926 at Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, according to Ontario Marriage Registration 043515. He was a blacksmith and she was a housekeeper.1
     Other information from their marriage registration:
His parent(s) were listed as Christy Lehmann and Bertha Musclow. Her parents were listed as Frank Roesler and Anna Karau.1

     His name was recorded as Wilfred Lehman on his birth registration.2

Family

Helena M. Roesler b. May 1907

Citations

  1. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Wilfred A Lehmann (26) & Helena M Roesler (19); Marriage: 27 Oct 1926, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: Christy Lehmann & Bertha Musclow, Bride's Parents: Frank Roesler & Anna Karau/Karan , Groom's Birthplace: Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Bride's Birth Place: North Algona, Ontario, Registration #: 043515.
  2. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, 1832-1916, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Wilfred Lehman, Birth: 06 Apr 1900, Renfrew, Ontario, Canada; Parents: Christian Lehman and Bertha Musclow, Registration #: 037268. Hereinafter cited as Ontario, Canada Births.

Christian Lehman1

M, #48611, b. 7 February 1837, d. 22 July 1915
Last Edited20 Jan 2024
     He was born on 7 February 1837 according to his grave marker.2 Alternatively, he may have been born on 9 February 1838 at modern Germany or Poland according to his death registration.3 Christian married Bertha Musclow.1,4,5
     Christian Lehman died on 22 July 1915 at Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, at age 78.3 The informant on his death registration was possibly his son or grandson. Note that the inormant, John Layman, did not know the name of his parents, so he may have been a grandson.3 Alternatively, he died on 20 July 1915 at age 78 according to his grave marker.2
     Christian Lehman was buried at St. John's Lutheran Cemetery, Bonnechere, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada.2
     He was also known as Christopher Layman on his death registration.3
     He was commonly known as Christy Layman on his grave marker.2
     Christy Lehmann was recorded as the father of the bridegroom at the marriage of Wilfred A. Lehmann and Helena M. Roesler on 27 October 1926.4

Family

Bertha Musclow b. 28 Aug 1844, d. 18 May 1939
Marriage*Christian married Bertha Musclow.1,4,5 
Child

Citations

  1. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, 1832-1916, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Wilfred Lehman, Birth: 06 Apr 1900, Renfrew, Ontario, Canada; Parents: Christian Lehman and Bertha Musclow, Registration #: 037268. Hereinafter cited as Ontario, Canada Births.
  2. [S3862] Find A Grave memorial page , Find A Grave, Find A Grave search page; "A database submitted by individuals supposedly of cemetery interments, often from grave memorials or cemetery records and often supplemented by other information, generally without identification of the sources except when a tombstone photo is included."; cited as "Find A Grave., St. Johns Lutheran Cemetery Germanicus & Bonnechere: Christy Layman
    Grave marker transcription:
    LAYMAN
    Christy Layman Geb. D. 7 Feb 1837 - gest. D. 20 Juli 1915.
  3. [S1347] Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869-1946 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario), Ancestry.com, Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869-1946; "This database is an index (with images) to over 2 million deaths that were registered in Ontario from 1869 to 1938, and 1943 to 1946. The database also includes deaths of Ontario military personnel overseas from 1939-1947"; cited as "ON Deaths, 1869-1946., Name: Christopher Layman; Death: 20 Jul 1915, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew, Ontario, Canada, Age: 77 years 5 months 13 days, Birth Date: abt 1838, Germany, Cause of Death: Paralysis (2 months), Occupation: Farmer, Informant: John Layman, Golden Lake, Burial: not given, Registration #: 028233.
  4. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Wilfred A Lehmann (26) & Helena M Roesler (19); Marriage: 27 Oct 1926, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: Christy Lehmann & Bertha Musclow, Bride's Parents: Frank Roesler & Anna Karau/Karan , Groom's Birthplace: Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Bride's Birth Place: North Algona, Ontario, Registration #: 043515.
  5. [S3862] "Find A Grave", online Find A Grave search page: St. Johns Lutheran Cemetery Germanicus & Bonnechere: Bertha Layman née Musclow
    Grave marker transcription:
    LAYMAN
    Asleep in Jesus
    Bertha Musclow     wife of Christy Layman
    born Aug. 28, 1844 - died May 18, 1939.

Bertha Musclow1,2,3

F, #48612, b. 28 August 1844, d. 18 May 1939
Last Edited28 Oct 2023
     She was born on 28 August 1844.3 Bertha married Christian Lehman.1,2,3
     Bertha Musclow died on 18 May 1939 at age 94.3
     Bertha Musclow was buried at St. John's Lutheran Cemetery, Bonnechere, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada.3
     Bertha Musclow was recorded as the mother of the bridegroom at the marriage of Wilfred A. Lehmann and Helena M. Roesler on 27 October 1926.2

Family

Christian Lehman b. 7 Feb 1837, d. 22 Jul 1915
Child

Citations

  1. [S1348] Ontario, Canada Births, 1832-1916, online Ontario, Canada Births, Name: Wilfred Lehman, Birth: 06 Apr 1900, Renfrew, Ontario, Canada; Parents: Christian Lehman and Bertha Musclow, Registration #: 037268. Hereinafter cited as Ontario, Canada Births.
  2. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Wilfred A Lehmann (26) & Helena M Roesler (19); Marriage: 27 Oct 1926, Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: Christy Lehmann & Bertha Musclow, Bride's Parents: Frank Roesler & Anna Karau/Karan , Groom's Birthplace: Wilberforce Twp., Renfrew County, Bride's Birth Place: North Algona, Ontario, Registration #: 043515.
  3. [S3862] Find A Grave memorial page , Find A Grave, Find A Grave search page; "A database submitted by individuals supposedly of cemetery interments, often from grave memorials or cemetery records and often supplemented by other information, generally without identification of the sources except when a tombstone photo is included."; cited as "Find A Grave., St. Johns Lutheran Cemetery Germanicus & Bonnechere: Bertha Layman née Musclow
    Grave marker transcription:
    LAYMAN
    Asleep in Jesus
    Bertha Musclow     wife of Christy Layman
    born Aug. 28, 1844 - died May 18, 1939.

John Christopher Markus1

M, #48616, d. 5 September 2023
Father*Hamor Louis Markus1,2 b. 25 Mar 1925, d. 28 Nov 2018
Mother*Mary Isobel O'Brien1,2
Relationship4th cousin of Richard Graeme Moffat
Last Edited26 Jan 2024
     The following selected information is extracted from the obituary of John Christopher Markus.
Predeceased by his parents: Hamor Louis Markus and Mary Isobel O'Brien. Predeceased: Francis Markus.2

     John Christopher Markus died on 5 September 2023 at Brockville Hospital, Brockville, Ontario, Canada.2
     In the obituary of Hamor Louis Markus who died 28 November 2018, his son, John Christopher Markus, of Pembroke, was listed as a survivor.1

Citations

  1. [S14148] Obituaries: Hamor, Markus (sic), The Ottawa Citizen, Ottawa, Ontario, 01 Dec 2018, Page C9, column 3 viewed at Newspapers.com, Obituary: Hamor Markus. Hereinafter cited as Ottawa Citizen.
  2. [S14386] John Markus, Murphy Funeral Home & Chapel Ltd., Pembroke, Ontario, about 06 Sep 2023 viewed at Murphy Funeral Home, Obituary: John Markus. Hereinafter cited as Murphy Funeral Home & Chapel Ltd.

Francis Markus1

M, #48619
Father*Hamor Louis Markus1 b. 25 Mar 1925, d. 28 Nov 2018
Mother*Mary Isobel O'Brien1
Relationship4th cousin of Richard Graeme Moffat
Last Edited30 Oct 2023
     In the obituary of Hamor Louis Markus who died 28 November 2018, his infant son, Francis Markus, was listed as predeceased.1
     In the obituary of John Christopher Markus who died 5 September 2023, his infant brother, Francis Markus, was listed as predeceased.2

Citations

  1. [S14148] Obituaries: Hamor, Markus (sic), The Ottawa Citizen, Ottawa, Ontario, 01 Dec 2018, Page C9, column 3 viewed at Newspapers.com, Obituary: Hamor Markus. Hereinafter cited as Ottawa Citizen.
  2. [S14386] John Markus, Murphy Funeral Home & Chapel Ltd., Pembroke, Ontario, about 06 Sep 2023 viewed at Murphy Funeral Home, Obituary: John Markus. Hereinafter cited as Murphy Funeral Home & Chapel Ltd.

Frederick J. Birbeck1,2,3

M, #48620, b. 1886, d. 21 December 1966
Last Edited31 Oct 2023
     He was born in 1886 at England.4,5 Frederick married Emma Morden Busby on 11 September 1929 at Sudbury, McKim Twp., Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada, according to Ontario Marriage Registration 022472.4,2,3
     Frederick J. Birbeck died on 21 December 1966 at Sudbury Memorial Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.6,5
     The following selected information is extracted from the obituary of Fred Birbeck.
Survived by his wife, Morden Busby. Survivor(s): Catherine Hamilton.6,1

     Frederick J. Birbeck was buried on 23 December 1966 at Sudbury Anglican Cemetery, Sudbury, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.1,5
     He was commonly known as Fred Birbeck.6
     In the obituary of Catherine Anne Hamilton who died 27 June 1989, her parents, Fred Birbeck and Morden Birbeck were listed or implied as predeceased.7

Family

Emma Morden Busby b. c 1892, d. 1980
Marriage*Frederick married Emma Morden Busby on 11 September 1929 at Sudbury, McKim Twp., Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada, according to Ontario Marriage Registration 022472.4,2,3 
Child

Citations

  1. [S2] Personal knowledge/research of Rick Moffat (Mesa, AZ 85207), Obituary: Frederick J. BIRBECK.
  2. [S3862] Find A Grave memorial page , Find A Grave, Find A Grave search page; "A database submitted by individuals supposedly of cemetery interments, often from grave memorials or cemetery records and often supplemented by other information, generally without identification of the sources except when a tombstone photo is included."; cited as "Find A Grave., Sudbury Anglican Cemetery: Emma Morden Birbeck née Busby
    Grave marker transcription:
    BIRBECK
    Frederick J.     1886 - 1966
    E. Morder     1897 - 1980.
  3. [S14150] Catherine Birbeck Bride Of William M. Hamilton, The Sault Star, Sault St. Marie, Ontario, 31 Dec 1953, Page 16, column 2 viewed at Newspapers.com, Marriage: Hamilton - Birbeck. Hereinafter cited as Sault Star.
  4. [S1349] Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1936 (Publisher: Archives of Ontario, Toronto), Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1785-1935; "Ontario, Canada, Select Marriages. Archives of Ontario, Toronto. This database includes images of the registrations. In some cases, alternative images in FamilySearch provide additional information"; cited as "Ontario Marriages, 1826-1936., Frederick James Birbeck (43) & Emma Morden Busby (37); Marriage: 11 Sep 1929, Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, Groom's Parents: William Henry Birbeck & Frances Anna Knight, Bride's Parents: Francis Charlton Busby & Catherine Conn McMullen, Groom's Birthplace: England, Bride's Birth Place: Greater Sudbury, Registration #: 022472.
  5. [S3862] "Find A Grave", online Find A Grave search page: Sudbury Anglican Cemetery: Frederick James Birbeck
    Grave marker transcription:
    BIRBECK
    Frederick J.     1886 - 1966
    E. Morder     1897 - 1980.
  6. [S2] Personal knowledge/research of Rick Moffat , Obituary: Fred BIRBECK.
  7. [S14151] Deaths: Hamilton, Mrs. Catherine Anne, The Sault Star, Sault St. Marie, Ontario, 29 Jun 1989, Page 2, column 6 viewed at Newspapers.com, Obituary: Catherine Anne HAMILTON nee Birbeck. Hereinafter cited as Sault Star.